Procyanidin trimer C1 derived from Theobroma cacao reactivates latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus.
Identifieur interne : 000284 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000283; suivant : 000285Procyanidin trimer C1 derived from Theobroma cacao reactivates latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus.
Auteurs : Takanori Hori [Japon] ; Jacob Barnor [Ghana] ; Tung Nguyen Huu [Japon] ; Osamu Morinaga [Japon] ; Akiko Hamano [Japon] ; Jerry Ndzinu [Ghana] ; Angela Frimpong [Ghana] ; Keren Minta-Asare [Ghana] ; Mildred Amoa-Bosompem [Ghana] ; James Brandful [Ghana] ; John Odoom [Ghana] ; Joseph Bonney [Ghana] ; Isaac Tuffour [Ghana] ; Baffour-Awuah Owusu [Ghana] ; Mark Ofosuhene [Ghana] ; Philip Atchoglo [Ghana] ; Maxwell Sakyiamah [Ghana] ; Richard Adegle [Ghana] ; Regina Appiah-Opong [Ghana] ; William Ampofo [Ghana] ; Kwadwo Koram [Japon] ; Alexander Nyarko [Ghana] ; Laud Okine [Ghana] ; Dominic Edoh [Ghana] ; Alfred Appiah [Ghana] ; Takuhiro Uto [Japon] ; Yoshiyuki Yoshinaka [Japon] ; Shin Uota [Japon] ; Yukihiro Shoyama [Japon] ; Shoji Yamaoka [Japon]Source :
- Biochemical and biophysical research communications [ 1090-2104 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Activation virale (), Biflavonoïdes (), Biflavonoïdes (isolement et purification), Biflavonoïdes (pharmacologie), Cacaoyer (), Catéchine (), Catéchine (isolement et purification), Catéchine (pharmacologie), Cellules Jurkat, Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B (métabolisme), Humains, Indoles (pharmacologie), Infections à VIH (métabolisme), Infections à VIH (traitement médicamenteux), Infections à VIH (virologie), Inhibiteurs de protéines kinases (pharmacologie), Interactions hôte-pathogène (), Latence virale (), Lignée cellulaire, Maléimides (pharmacologie), Modèles biologiques, Phytothérapie, Plantes médicinales (), Proanthocyanidines (), Proanthocyanidines (isolement et purification), Proanthocyanidines (pharmacologie), Protéine kinase C (antagonistes et inhibiteurs), Protéine kinase C (métabolisme), Provirus (), Provirus (physiologie), Système de signalisation des MAP kinases, Tests de sensibilité microbienne, VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1) (), VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1) (génétique), VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1) (physiologie).
- MESH :
- antagonistes et inhibiteurs : Protéine kinase C.
- génétique : VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1).
- isolement et purification : Biflavonoïdes, Catéchine, Proanthocyanidines.
- métabolisme : Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B, Infections à VIH, Protéine kinase C.
- pharmacologie : Biflavonoïdes, Catéchine, Indoles, Inhibiteurs de protéines kinases, Maléimides, Proanthocyanidines.
- physiologie : Provirus, VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1).
- traitement médicamenteux : Infections à VIH.
- virologie : Infections à VIH.
- Activation virale, Biflavonoïdes, Cacaoyer, Catéchine, Cellules Jurkat, Humains, Interactions hôte-pathogène, Latence virale, Lignée cellulaire, Modèles biologiques, Phytothérapie, Plantes médicinales, Proanthocyanidines, Provirus, Système de signalisation des MAP kinases, Tests de sensibilité microbienne, VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1).
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Biflavonoids (chemistry), Biflavonoids (isolation & purification), Biflavonoids (pharmacology), Cacao (chemistry), Catechin (chemistry), Catechin (isolation & purification), Catechin (pharmacology), Cell Line, HIV Infections (drug therapy), HIV Infections (metabolism), HIV Infections (virology), HIV-1 (drug effects), HIV-1 (genetics), HIV-1 (physiology), Host-Pathogen Interactions (drug effects), Humans, Indoles (pharmacology), Jurkat Cells, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Maleimides (pharmacology), Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Models, Biological, NF-kappa B (metabolism), Phytotherapy, Plants, Medicinal (chemistry), Proanthocyanidins (chemistry), Proanthocyanidins (isolation & purification), Proanthocyanidins (pharmacology), Protein Kinase C (antagonists & inhibitors), Protein Kinase C (metabolism), Protein Kinase Inhibitors (pharmacology), Proviruses (drug effects), Proviruses (physiology), Virus Activation (drug effects), Virus Latency (drug effects).
- MESH :
- chemical , antagonists & inhibitors : Protein Kinase C.
- chemical , chemistry : Biflavonoids, Catechin, Proanthocyanidins.
- chemical , isolation & purification : Biflavonoids, Catechin, Proanthocyanidins.
- chemical , metabolism : NF-kappa B, Protein Kinase C.
- chemical , pharmacology : Biflavonoids, Catechin, Indoles, Maleimides, Proanthocyanidins, Protein Kinase Inhibitors.
- chemistry : Cacao, Plants, Medicinal.
- drug effects : HIV-1, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Proviruses, Virus Activation, Virus Latency.
- drug therapy : HIV Infections.
- genetics : HIV-1.
- metabolism : HIV Infections.
- physiology : HIV-1, Proviruses.
- virology : HIV Infections.
- Cell Line, Humans, Jurkat Cells, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Models, Biological, Phytotherapy.
Abstract
Despite remarkable advances in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection remains incurable due to the incomplete elimination of the replication-competent virus, which persists in latent reservoirs. Strategies for targeting HIV reservoirs for eradication that involves reactivation of latent proviruses while protecting uninfected cells by cART are urgently needed for cure of HIV infection. We screened medicinal plant extracts for compounds that could reactivate the latent HIV-1 provirus and identified a procyanidin trimer C1 derived from Theobroma cacao as a potent activator of the provirus in human T cells latently infected with HIV-1. This reactivation largely depends on the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways because either overexpression of a super-repressor form of IκBα or pretreatment with a MEK inhibitor U0126 diminished provirus reactivation by C1. A pan-PKC inhibitor significantly blocked the phorbol ester-induced but not the C1-induced HIV-1 reactivation. Although C1-induced viral gene expression persisted for as long as 48 h post-stimulation, NF-κB-dependent transcription peaked at 12 h post-stimulation and then quickly declined, suggesting Tat-mediated self-sustainment of HIV-1 expression. These results suggest that procyanidin C1 trimer is a potential compound for reactivation of latent HIV-1 reservoirs.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.102
PubMed: 25727021
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 000715
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 000715
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: 000715
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 000773
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 000773
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 000773
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 000284
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 000284
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Procyanidin trimer C1 derived from Theobroma cacao reactivates latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus.</title><author><name sortKey="Hori, Takanori" sort="Hori, Takanori" uniqKey="Hori T" first="Takanori" last="Hori">Takanori Hori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Tokyo Medical and Dental University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barnor, Jacob" sort="Barnor, Jacob" uniqKey="Barnor J" first="Jacob" last="Barnor">Jacob Barnor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huu, Tung Nguyen" sort="Huu, Tung Nguyen" uniqKey="Huu T" first="Tung Nguyen" last="Huu">Tung Nguyen Huu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Nagasaki International University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Nagasaki International University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morinaga, Osamu" sort="Morinaga, Osamu" uniqKey="Morinaga O" first="Osamu" last="Morinaga">Osamu Morinaga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Nagasaki International University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Nagasaki International University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamano, Akiko" sort="Hamano, Akiko" uniqKey="Hamano A" first="Akiko" last="Hamano">Akiko Hamano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Tokyo Medical and Dental University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ndzinu, Jerry" sort="Ndzinu, Jerry" uniqKey="Ndzinu J" first="Jerry" last="Ndzinu">Jerry Ndzinu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Japan; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frimpong, Angela" sort="Frimpong, Angela" uniqKey="Frimpong A" first="Angela" last="Frimpong">Angela Frimpong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Minta Asare, Keren" sort="Minta Asare, Keren" uniqKey="Minta Asare K" first="Keren" last="Minta-Asare">Keren Minta-Asare</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amoa Bosompem, Mildred" sort="Amoa Bosompem, Mildred" uniqKey="Amoa Bosompem M" first="Mildred" last="Amoa-Bosompem">Mildred Amoa-Bosompem</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brandful, James" sort="Brandful, James" uniqKey="Brandful J" first="James" last="Brandful">James Brandful</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Odoom, John" sort="Odoom, John" uniqKey="Odoom J" first="John" last="Odoom">John Odoom</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonney, Joseph" sort="Bonney, Joseph" uniqKey="Bonney J" first="Joseph" last="Bonney">Joseph Bonney</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuffour, Isaac" sort="Tuffour, Isaac" uniqKey="Tuffour I" first="Isaac" last="Tuffour">Isaac Tuffour</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Owusu, Baffour Awuah" sort="Owusu, Baffour Awuah" uniqKey="Owusu B" first="Baffour-Awuah" last="Owusu">Baffour-Awuah Owusu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ofosuhene, Mark" sort="Ofosuhene, Mark" uniqKey="Ofosuhene M" first="Mark" last="Ofosuhene">Mark Ofosuhene</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atchoglo, Philip" sort="Atchoglo, Philip" uniqKey="Atchoglo P" first="Philip" last="Atchoglo">Philip Atchoglo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sakyiamah, Maxwell" sort="Sakyiamah, Maxwell" uniqKey="Sakyiamah M" first="Maxwell" last="Sakyiamah">Maxwell Sakyiamah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Plant Medicine Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adegle, Richard" sort="Adegle, Richard" uniqKey="Adegle R" first="Richard" last="Adegle">Richard Adegle</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Plant Medicine Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Appiah Opong, Regina" sort="Appiah Opong, Regina" uniqKey="Appiah Opong R" first="Regina" last="Appiah-Opong">Regina Appiah-Opong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ampofo, William" sort="Ampofo, William" uniqKey="Ampofo W" first="William" last="Ampofo">William Ampofo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koram, Kwadwo" sort="Koram, Kwadwo" uniqKey="Koram K" first="Kwadwo" last="Koram">Kwadwo Koram</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Tokyo Medical and Dental University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyarko, Alexander" sort="Nyarko, Alexander" uniqKey="Nyarko A" first="Alexander" last="Nyarko">Alexander Nyarko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okine, Laud" sort="Okine, Laud" uniqKey="Okine L" first="Laud" last="Okine">Laud Okine</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Plant Medicine Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edoh, Dominic" sort="Edoh, Dominic" uniqKey="Edoh D" first="Dominic" last="Edoh">Dominic Edoh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Plant Medicine Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Appiah, Alfred" sort="Appiah, Alfred" uniqKey="Appiah A" first="Alfred" last="Appiah">Alfred Appiah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Plant Medicine Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uto, Takuhiro" sort="Uto, Takuhiro" uniqKey="Uto T" first="Takuhiro" last="Uto">Takuhiro Uto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Nagasaki International University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Nagasaki International University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yoshinaka, Yoshiyuki" sort="Yoshinaka, Yoshiyuki" uniqKey="Yoshinaka Y" first="Yoshiyuki" last="Yoshinaka">Yoshiyuki Yoshinaka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Tokyo Medical and Dental University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uota, Shin" sort="Uota, Shin" uniqKey="Uota S" first="Shin" last="Uota">Shin Uota</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Tokyo Medical and Dental University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shoyama, Yukihiro" sort="Shoyama, Yukihiro" uniqKey="Shoyama Y" first="Yukihiro" last="Shoyama">Yukihiro Shoyama</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Nagasaki International University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Nagasaki International University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yamaoka, Shoji" sort="Yamaoka, Shoji" uniqKey="Yamaoka S" first="Shoji" last="Yamaoka">Shoji Yamaoka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan. Electronic address: shojmmb@tmd.ac.jp.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Tokyo Medical and Dental University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:25727021</idno><idno type="pmid">25727021</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.102</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000715</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000715</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000715</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000715</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000715</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000715</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000773</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000773</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000773</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000284</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000284</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000284</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Procyanidin trimer C1 derived from Theobroma cacao reactivates latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus.</title><author><name sortKey="Hori, Takanori" sort="Hori, Takanori" uniqKey="Hori T" first="Takanori" last="Hori">Takanori Hori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Tokyo Medical and Dental University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barnor, Jacob" sort="Barnor, Jacob" uniqKey="Barnor J" first="Jacob" last="Barnor">Jacob Barnor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huu, Tung Nguyen" sort="Huu, Tung Nguyen" uniqKey="Huu T" first="Tung Nguyen" last="Huu">Tung Nguyen Huu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Nagasaki International University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Nagasaki International University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morinaga, Osamu" sort="Morinaga, Osamu" uniqKey="Morinaga O" first="Osamu" last="Morinaga">Osamu Morinaga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Nagasaki International University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Nagasaki International University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamano, Akiko" sort="Hamano, Akiko" uniqKey="Hamano A" first="Akiko" last="Hamano">Akiko Hamano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Tokyo Medical and Dental University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ndzinu, Jerry" sort="Ndzinu, Jerry" uniqKey="Ndzinu J" first="Jerry" last="Ndzinu">Jerry Ndzinu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Japan; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frimpong, Angela" sort="Frimpong, Angela" uniqKey="Frimpong A" first="Angela" last="Frimpong">Angela Frimpong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Minta Asare, Keren" sort="Minta Asare, Keren" uniqKey="Minta Asare K" first="Keren" last="Minta-Asare">Keren Minta-Asare</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amoa Bosompem, Mildred" sort="Amoa Bosompem, Mildred" uniqKey="Amoa Bosompem M" first="Mildred" last="Amoa-Bosompem">Mildred Amoa-Bosompem</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brandful, James" sort="Brandful, James" uniqKey="Brandful J" first="James" last="Brandful">James Brandful</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Odoom, John" sort="Odoom, John" uniqKey="Odoom J" first="John" last="Odoom">John Odoom</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonney, Joseph" sort="Bonney, Joseph" uniqKey="Bonney J" first="Joseph" last="Bonney">Joseph Bonney</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuffour, Isaac" sort="Tuffour, Isaac" uniqKey="Tuffour I" first="Isaac" last="Tuffour">Isaac Tuffour</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Owusu, Baffour Awuah" sort="Owusu, Baffour Awuah" uniqKey="Owusu B" first="Baffour-Awuah" last="Owusu">Baffour-Awuah Owusu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ofosuhene, Mark" sort="Ofosuhene, Mark" uniqKey="Ofosuhene M" first="Mark" last="Ofosuhene">Mark Ofosuhene</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atchoglo, Philip" sort="Atchoglo, Philip" uniqKey="Atchoglo P" first="Philip" last="Atchoglo">Philip Atchoglo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sakyiamah, Maxwell" sort="Sakyiamah, Maxwell" uniqKey="Sakyiamah M" first="Maxwell" last="Sakyiamah">Maxwell Sakyiamah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Plant Medicine Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adegle, Richard" sort="Adegle, Richard" uniqKey="Adegle R" first="Richard" last="Adegle">Richard Adegle</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Plant Medicine Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Appiah Opong, Regina" sort="Appiah Opong, Regina" uniqKey="Appiah Opong R" first="Regina" last="Appiah-Opong">Regina Appiah-Opong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ampofo, William" sort="Ampofo, William" uniqKey="Ampofo W" first="William" last="Ampofo">William Ampofo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koram, Kwadwo" sort="Koram, Kwadwo" uniqKey="Koram K" first="Kwadwo" last="Koram">Kwadwo Koram</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Tokyo Medical and Dental University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyarko, Alexander" sort="Nyarko, Alexander" uniqKey="Nyarko A" first="Alexander" last="Nyarko">Alexander Nyarko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okine, Laud" sort="Okine, Laud" uniqKey="Okine L" first="Laud" last="Okine">Laud Okine</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Plant Medicine Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edoh, Dominic" sort="Edoh, Dominic" uniqKey="Edoh D" first="Dominic" last="Edoh">Dominic Edoh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Plant Medicine Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Appiah, Alfred" sort="Appiah, Alfred" uniqKey="Appiah A" first="Alfred" last="Appiah">Alfred Appiah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Plant Medicine Research</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uto, Takuhiro" sort="Uto, Takuhiro" uniqKey="Uto T" first="Takuhiro" last="Uto">Takuhiro Uto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Nagasaki International University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Nagasaki International University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yoshinaka, Yoshiyuki" sort="Yoshinaka, Yoshiyuki" uniqKey="Yoshinaka Y" first="Yoshiyuki" last="Yoshinaka">Yoshiyuki Yoshinaka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Tokyo Medical and Dental University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uota, Shin" sort="Uota, Shin" uniqKey="Uota S" first="Shin" last="Uota">Shin Uota</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Tokyo Medical and Dental University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shoyama, Yukihiro" sort="Shoyama, Yukihiro" uniqKey="Shoyama Y" first="Yukihiro" last="Shoyama">Yukihiro Shoyama</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Nagasaki International University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Nagasaki International University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yamaoka, Shoji" sort="Yamaoka, Shoji" uniqKey="Yamaoka S" first="Shoji" last="Yamaoka">Shoji Yamaoka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan. Electronic address: shojmmb@tmd.ac.jp.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Tokyo Medical and Dental University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Biochemical and biophysical research communications</title><idno type="eISSN">1090-2104</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Biflavonoids (chemistry)</term><term>Biflavonoids (isolation & purification)</term><term>Biflavonoids (pharmacology)</term><term>Cacao (chemistry)</term><term>Catechin (chemistry)</term><term>Catechin (isolation & purification)</term><term>Catechin (pharmacology)</term><term>Cell Line</term><term>HIV Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>HIV Infections (metabolism)</term><term>HIV Infections (virology)</term><term>HIV-1 (drug effects)</term><term>HIV-1 (genetics)</term><term>HIV-1 (physiology)</term><term>Host-Pathogen Interactions (drug effects)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Indoles (pharmacology)</term><term>Jurkat Cells</term><term>MAP Kinase Signaling System</term><term>Maleimides (pharmacology)</term><term>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</term><term>Models, Biological</term><term>NF-kappa B (metabolism)</term><term>Phytotherapy</term><term>Plants, Medicinal (chemistry)</term><term>Proanthocyanidins (chemistry)</term><term>Proanthocyanidins (isolation & purification)</term><term>Proanthocyanidins (pharmacology)</term><term>Protein Kinase C (antagonists & inhibitors)</term><term>Protein Kinase C (metabolism)</term><term>Protein Kinase Inhibitors (pharmacology)</term><term>Proviruses (drug effects)</term><term>Proviruses (physiology)</term><term>Virus Activation (drug effects)</term><term>Virus Latency (drug effects)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Activation virale ()</term><term>Biflavonoïdes ()</term><term>Biflavonoïdes (isolement et purification)</term><term>Biflavonoïdes (pharmacologie)</term><term>Cacaoyer ()</term><term>Catéchine ()</term><term>Catéchine (isolement et purification)</term><term>Catéchine (pharmacologie)</term><term>Cellules Jurkat</term><term>Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B (métabolisme)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Indoles (pharmacologie)</term><term>Infections à VIH (métabolisme)</term><term>Infections à VIH (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Infections à VIH (virologie)</term><term>Inhibiteurs de protéines kinases (pharmacologie)</term><term>Interactions hôte-pathogène ()</term><term>Latence virale ()</term><term>Lignée cellulaire</term><term>Maléimides (pharmacologie)</term><term>Modèles biologiques</term><term>Phytothérapie</term><term>Plantes médicinales ()</term><term>Proanthocyanidines ()</term><term>Proanthocyanidines (isolement et purification)</term><term>Proanthocyanidines (pharmacologie)</term><term>Protéine kinase C (antagonistes et inhibiteurs)</term><term>Protéine kinase C (métabolisme)</term><term>Provirus ()</term><term>Provirus (physiologie)</term><term>Système de signalisation des MAP kinases</term><term>Tests de sensibilité microbienne</term><term>VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1) ()</term><term>VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1) (génétique)</term><term>VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1) (physiologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="antagonists & inhibitors" xml:lang="en"><term>Protein Kinase C</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Biflavonoids</term><term>Catechin</term><term>Proanthocyanidins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Biflavonoids</term><term>Catechin</term><term>Proanthocyanidins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>NF-kappa B</term><term>Protein Kinase C</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Biflavonoids</term><term>Catechin</term><term>Indoles</term><term>Maleimides</term><term>Proanthocyanidins</term><term>Protein Kinase Inhibitors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="antagonistes et inhibiteurs" xml:lang="fr"><term>Protéine kinase C</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Cacao</term><term>Plants, Medicinal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV-1</term><term>Host-Pathogen Interactions</term><term>Proviruses</term><term>Virus Activation</term><term>Virus Latency</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV-1</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biflavonoïdes</term><term>Catéchine</term><term>Proanthocyanidines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B</term><term>Infections à VIH</term><term>Protéine kinase C</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biflavonoïdes</term><term>Catéchine</term><term>Indoles</term><term>Inhibiteurs de protéines kinases</term><term>Maléimides</term><term>Proanthocyanidines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Provirus</term><term>VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV-1</term><term>Proviruses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à VIH</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à VIH</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Cell Line</term><term>Humans</term><term>Jurkat Cells</term><term>MAP Kinase Signaling System</term><term>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</term><term>Models, Biological</term><term>Phytotherapy</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Activation virale</term><term>Biflavonoïdes</term><term>Cacaoyer</term><term>Catéchine</term><term>Cellules Jurkat</term><term>Humains</term><term>Interactions hôte-pathogène</term><term>Latence virale</term><term>Lignée cellulaire</term><term>Modèles biologiques</term><term>Phytothérapie</term><term>Plantes médicinales</term><term>Proanthocyanidines</term><term>Provirus</term><term>Système de signalisation des MAP kinases</term><term>Tests de sensibilité microbienne</term><term>VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Despite remarkable advances in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection remains incurable due to the incomplete elimination of the replication-competent virus, which persists in latent reservoirs. Strategies for targeting HIV reservoirs for eradication that involves reactivation of latent proviruses while protecting uninfected cells by cART are urgently needed for cure of HIV infection. We screened medicinal plant extracts for compounds that could reactivate the latent HIV-1 provirus and identified a procyanidin trimer C1 derived from Theobroma cacao as a potent activator of the provirus in human T cells latently infected with HIV-1. This reactivation largely depends on the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways because either overexpression of a super-repressor form of IκBα or pretreatment with a MEK inhibitor U0126 diminished provirus reactivation by C1. A pan-PKC inhibitor significantly blocked the phorbol ester-induced but not the C1-induced HIV-1 reactivation. Although C1-induced viral gene expression persisted for as long as 48 h post-stimulation, NF-κB-dependent transcription peaked at 12 h post-stimulation and then quickly declined, suggesting Tat-mediated self-sustainment of HIV-1 expression. These results suggest that procyanidin C1 trimer is a potential compound for reactivation of latent HIV-1 reservoirs.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Ghana</li><li>Japon</li></country></list><tree><country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hori, Takanori" sort="Hori, Takanori" uniqKey="Hori T" first="Takanori" last="Hori">Takanori Hori</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hamano, Akiko" sort="Hamano, Akiko" uniqKey="Hamano A" first="Akiko" last="Hamano">Akiko Hamano</name><name sortKey="Huu, Tung Nguyen" sort="Huu, Tung Nguyen" uniqKey="Huu T" first="Tung Nguyen" last="Huu">Tung Nguyen Huu</name><name sortKey="Koram, Kwadwo" sort="Koram, Kwadwo" uniqKey="Koram K" first="Kwadwo" last="Koram">Kwadwo Koram</name><name sortKey="Morinaga, Osamu" sort="Morinaga, Osamu" uniqKey="Morinaga O" first="Osamu" last="Morinaga">Osamu Morinaga</name><name sortKey="Shoyama, Yukihiro" sort="Shoyama, Yukihiro" uniqKey="Shoyama Y" first="Yukihiro" last="Shoyama">Yukihiro Shoyama</name><name sortKey="Uota, Shin" sort="Uota, Shin" uniqKey="Uota S" first="Shin" last="Uota">Shin Uota</name><name sortKey="Uto, Takuhiro" sort="Uto, Takuhiro" uniqKey="Uto T" first="Takuhiro" last="Uto">Takuhiro Uto</name><name sortKey="Yamaoka, Shoji" sort="Yamaoka, Shoji" uniqKey="Yamaoka S" first="Shoji" last="Yamaoka">Shoji Yamaoka</name><name sortKey="Yoshinaka, Yoshiyuki" sort="Yoshinaka, Yoshiyuki" uniqKey="Yoshinaka Y" first="Yoshiyuki" last="Yoshinaka">Yoshiyuki Yoshinaka</name></country><country name="Ghana"><noRegion><name sortKey="Barnor, Jacob" sort="Barnor, Jacob" uniqKey="Barnor J" first="Jacob" last="Barnor">Jacob Barnor</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Adegle, Richard" sort="Adegle, Richard" uniqKey="Adegle R" first="Richard" last="Adegle">Richard Adegle</name><name sortKey="Amoa Bosompem, Mildred" sort="Amoa Bosompem, Mildred" uniqKey="Amoa Bosompem M" first="Mildred" last="Amoa-Bosompem">Mildred Amoa-Bosompem</name><name sortKey="Ampofo, William" sort="Ampofo, William" uniqKey="Ampofo W" first="William" last="Ampofo">William Ampofo</name><name sortKey="Appiah Opong, Regina" sort="Appiah Opong, Regina" uniqKey="Appiah Opong R" first="Regina" last="Appiah-Opong">Regina Appiah-Opong</name><name sortKey="Appiah, Alfred" sort="Appiah, Alfred" uniqKey="Appiah A" first="Alfred" last="Appiah">Alfred Appiah</name><name sortKey="Atchoglo, Philip" sort="Atchoglo, Philip" uniqKey="Atchoglo P" first="Philip" last="Atchoglo">Philip Atchoglo</name><name sortKey="Bonney, Joseph" sort="Bonney, Joseph" uniqKey="Bonney J" first="Joseph" last="Bonney">Joseph Bonney</name><name sortKey="Brandful, James" sort="Brandful, James" uniqKey="Brandful J" first="James" last="Brandful">James Brandful</name><name sortKey="Edoh, Dominic" sort="Edoh, Dominic" uniqKey="Edoh D" first="Dominic" last="Edoh">Dominic Edoh</name><name sortKey="Frimpong, Angela" sort="Frimpong, Angela" uniqKey="Frimpong A" first="Angela" last="Frimpong">Angela Frimpong</name><name sortKey="Minta Asare, Keren" sort="Minta Asare, Keren" uniqKey="Minta Asare K" first="Keren" last="Minta-Asare">Keren Minta-Asare</name><name sortKey="Ndzinu, Jerry" sort="Ndzinu, Jerry" uniqKey="Ndzinu J" first="Jerry" last="Ndzinu">Jerry Ndzinu</name><name sortKey="Nyarko, Alexander" sort="Nyarko, Alexander" uniqKey="Nyarko A" first="Alexander" last="Nyarko">Alexander Nyarko</name><name sortKey="Odoom, John" sort="Odoom, John" uniqKey="Odoom J" first="John" last="Odoom">John Odoom</name><name sortKey="Ofosuhene, Mark" sort="Ofosuhene, Mark" uniqKey="Ofosuhene M" first="Mark" last="Ofosuhene">Mark Ofosuhene</name><name sortKey="Okine, Laud" sort="Okine, Laud" uniqKey="Okine L" first="Laud" last="Okine">Laud Okine</name><name sortKey="Owusu, Baffour Awuah" sort="Owusu, Baffour Awuah" uniqKey="Owusu B" first="Baffour-Awuah" last="Owusu">Baffour-Awuah Owusu</name><name sortKey="Sakyiamah, Maxwell" sort="Sakyiamah, Maxwell" uniqKey="Sakyiamah M" first="Maxwell" last="Sakyiamah">Maxwell Sakyiamah</name><name sortKey="Tuffour, Isaac" sort="Tuffour, Isaac" uniqKey="Tuffour I" first="Isaac" last="Tuffour">Isaac Tuffour</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/SidaGhanaV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000284 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000284 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= SidaGhanaV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:25727021
|texte= Procyanidin trimer C1 derived from Theobroma cacao reactivates latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25727021" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SidaGhanaV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |  |